The Risk Management Process Within An Enterprise - 2169 Words

Examine and discuss each step below which forms part of the risk management process followed within an enterprise. Explain the reasons behind each step, what each step achieves for the enterprise and give examples. 1. Objectives of the organization Organizational objectives are the overall goals, mission and purpose that an organization seeks to accomplish. An organization s objectives plays a large part in the development of organizational polices and will determine the distribution and utilization of resources within organization. When a certain company was able to achieve objectives, this would lead to realization of goals. Making objectives may involve a lot of factors. You can set a single objective within organization or multiple objectives and also you can set targeted deadlines for the accomplishment of objectives. There are other important factors such as who make the decisions that could affect the achievement of objectives. Politics in organization is expected, with different kind interests supporting the advance of objectives that are best for them, and this could result in bargaining between groups in the organization, which will lead into objectives that are favorable to the key organizational groups such as soari ng of sales, research and development, marketing and production. To give an example in healthcare facilities, the hospital provides quality services for their patients like having good facilities, competent doctors and nurses, high end equipments andShow MoreRelatedEnterprise Risk Management ( Erm )1531 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). How much risk can be taken so that gain can be increase as risk is directly associated with gain Answer 1: Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has great potential to provide organizations with new competitive advantages. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is designed and disciplined approach to deal with strategy, processes, people, technology and knowledge by the motive of evaluation of management of uncertainties which are faced by the enterprises and generatesRead MoreQuestions On Implementing An Effective Erm Program1492 Words   |  6 PagesControl course and will address the following four issues. ïÆ'Ëœ We will elaborate the COSO Risk Management Framework and COSO’s ERM process. ïÆ'Ëœ We will propose to management the method that they need to take to implement an effective ERM program. This will comprise the concerns and the organizational impact they might meet if they do not implement an effective ERM program. ïÆ'Ëœ We will examine the means for ascertaining key risk indicators (KRIs). ïÆ'Ëœ We will recommend the approach that the organization needs toRead MoreEffectiveness Of Risk Management And Business Development Within Organizations1222 Words   |  5 Pagesuncertainties and risks that any organization should pay more attention to risk management. According to an effective governance, organizations can take opportunities successfully, and a good risk management can be the fundamental security for effective governance. (reference1) This essay answers the question â€Å"how can risk management contribute to effective governance within organizations† and classifies the explains in three parts. Firstly, the system construction of risk management is the benefitRead MoreEvaluation Of Internal And External Factors On Project Management Process1728 Words   |  7 PagesTITLE: PROJ6001 Integrated Project Management Assignment 2B: Impact Analysis Report. Nathalia Vasques Mari – Student ID: 00159199T Contents Evaluation of Internal and External Factors and their impact on Project Management Process 3 Internal Risks 3 External Risks 3 Enterprise Environmental Factors 3 Organizational Process Assets 4 The Difference between Organizational Process Assets and Enterprise Environmental Factors 5 Communication on project management process and outcomes to diverse stakeholdersRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Coso Enterprise Risk Management Framework1279 Words   |  6 Pages Conrad January 23, 2016 COSO Enterprise Risk Management Framework Introduction Enterprises are exposed to various risks that decrease the chances of achieving their business goals both internally and externally. Internally, there are company politics and mismanagement. Externally, factors such as economic environment, regulations and technology influence risks. It is important for an enterprise to build framework for good risk management, which is â€Å"the process of identification, analysis andRead MoreRisk Management And Homeland Security1309 Words   |  6 PagesRisk Management and Homeland Security The nation’s homeland security is a very multifaceted environment which must be controlled to effective function at its highest potential. â€Å"The safety, security, and resilience of the Nation are threatened by an array of hazards, including acts of terrorism, manmade accidents, and natural disasters† (DHS., 2011). All together, homeland security agencies must manage risks at all levels connected with an array of components. Collectively, these external andRead MoreEnterprise Architecture : Benefits And Risks Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pages Defense Enterprise Architecture: Benefits and Risks Hichem Ben Abdallah Naval Postgraduate School Glenn Cook September, 16 2016 Enterprise Architecture: Benefits and Risks According to Bologa, Faur, and Ghisoiu (2010), Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a methodology that incorporate the processes of the domain to be automated; the software applications to be designed; the data and information to be gathered; and the technologic models to be conceived. In addition, Giachetti, R.E. (2010) suggestedRead MoreThe Role Of Risk Management On The Homeland Security Enterprise1361 Words   |  6 Pagesattacks against the United States, a series of risk management evaluations were created by the US Federal Government to assess the future risks the homeland was going to face. When the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was officially created in 2002, more effective risk management assessments were re-designed to evaluate the past and present dangers, prevent them and respond successfully to more terrorist attacks. Since 2001 until 2007, a development of risk assessment has been divided in phases toRead MoreThe Objectives Of The Zimbabwe Agenda For Sustainable So cio Economic Transformation Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesthe importance or role played by Enterprise Risk Management in achieving the current goals or objectives of ZimAsset [30] Enterprise risk management (ERM) has been defined by the COSO (2004) as a process, effected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonableRead MoreBusiness Risk vs Audit Risk1109 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Risk vs. Audit Risk By Gabriel Agboola The following article first appeared online in the IT Compliance Institute Ask The Auditor column. Used with Permission. What’s the difference between business risk and audit risk? Business risk relates mainly to an organization’s goals and objectives. It is essentially the potential cost incurred if the business does not achieve its strategic plans. The assessment and management of business risk has evolved into formalized enterprise risk management

Week 2 - 1062 Words

Police Functions Kyra Kirkland CJA/394 March 19, 2012 Dr. Hector Garcia Police Functions Over the years, police have been portrayed in the media, television shows, and the local newspaper as crime fighting heroes. This portrayal would make one think a police officer is always out doing a dangerous job, which may require shooting, beating up, or arrested the bad guy. The truth is, most officers will not make a felony arrest in a given year, and there are also many officers who have never fired their weapon. There are various perspectives of the policing functions. I will examine these perspectives from the local, state, and federal organizational levels. I will identify and address possible future changes in laws and the overall†¦show more content†¦The Department of Homeland Security is another branch containing federal law enforcement agencies. Some of DHS agencies are: United States Secret Service- which is responsible for apprehending anyone caught counterfeiting U.S. money. They are also responsible for the protection of other officials of the federal government and for protecting the president. Immigration and Customs Enforcement- enforces the flow of immigrants into the United States. INS agents deport aliens who break the United States naturalization laws. They are also responsible for the patrol of the United States border to stop illegal immigrants from entering the country. â€Å"In the 1990s, INS agents focused on the Mexican-U.S. border, where large numbers of illegal immigrants and huge amounts of illicit drugs entered the United States. INS agents arrest hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants each year, but the number making it safely into the United States still exceeded the number arrested.† (The Nature of Police Work) Customs and Border Protection and Transportation Security Administration also fall under this agency. Conclusion Patrol and criminal investigation used to dominate policing. Uniformed officers would roam the streets interrupting crime and trying to prevent them from happening. There are different strategies to policing. These strategies include patrol, special operations, and investigations. There are changes that can be made in laws to impact theShow MoreRelatedWeek 2967 Words   |  4 Pageseffectively being used to make adjustments as necessary. Project tend to go through changes as the project goes, and another feature is the project tracing, which allows the PM to revise the plan and see impact of changes, to make better decisions. 2. Imagine that you are interviewing for a job when the interviewer asks you which cost-benefit analysis technique is best for assessing a project’s economic feasibility. What would your response be? Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postingsRead MoreWeek 21061 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment  2:  Marketing  Plan Name Institutional affiliation Date Target Market The Affordable Blended Smoothie, Inc. will be producing a healthy non-alcoholic product. As more families and the society continue struggle to maintain healthy lifestyles, the new beverage comes at the right time in remedying the situation. The new energy drink will be suitable to all classes of people regardless of their age, educational level, income, gender, or ethnic affiliationRead MorePhi 210 Week 2 Phi210 Week 23502 Words   |  15 Pageshttp://workbank247.com/q/phi210-phi-210-complete-course-phi210-complete-cou/11059 http://workbank247.com/q/phi210-phi-210-complete-course-phi210-complete-cou/11059 PHI 210 Week 1 Discussion Critical Thinking in the Workplace  Ã‚  Please respond to the following: * The video clip â€Å"Thinking on the Job† in the Webtext this week illustrates the importance of critical thinking, especially in work contexts. Define the concept of critical thinking in your own words. Discuss a time in either your work orRead MoreWeek 2 Quiz1376 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions are worth the same point value (3 points each). Email me your completed quiz no later than Sunday, Nov 2nd. Chapter 1: TRUE/FALSE (1-9) 1) Management science involves the philosophy of approaching a problem in a subjective manner. FALSE 2) Management scientists use the terms data and information interchangeably--that is, the two terms mean the same thing. TRUE 3) A variable is a value that is usually a coefficient of a parameter in an equation. TRUE 4) Parameters are known, constantRead MoreSpe 513 Week 2 Spe513 Week 2 Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesSPE 513 Complete Course SPE513 Complete Course Click Link for the Answer: http://workbank247.com/q/spe-513-complete-course-spe513-complete-course/13555 http://workbank247.com/q/spe-513-complete-course-spe513-complete-course/13555 SPE 513 WEEK 1 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT REFLECTION PAPER Write  a 500- to 750-word reflection paper. Include  your experiences and beliefs as a student in a classroom with exceptional students. Address  the following questions: * How was diversity addressed when you wereRead MoreWeek 2 Assignment1945 Words   |  8 PagesWeek 2 (7) Trade and Comparative Advantage Chapter 3 Problem set Exercise 2.1 Assume there are just two countries in the world, i.e. the European Union (EU) and the Rest of the World (RW). Both countries produce and consume 2 products: bicycles (b) and apples (a). Per bike, the EU puts in 3 hours of labour while the RW puts in 5. Per ton of apples, the EU needs 2 hours v. the RW 1 hour of labour. A further given is that the EU has 2400 hours of labour available v. RW 1600. The worldRead MoreWEEK 2 QUIZ805 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Question 1 2 out of 2 points If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated. If a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated. This is a statement of ________________. Answer Selected Answer: Thorndike s Law of Effect Question 2 2 out of 2 points A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ______. Answer Selected Answer: operant conditioning Question 3 2 out of 2 points A childRead MoreWeek 2 Project Charter 2941 Words   |  4 PagesPB, or PBD used to advance the project. Project Manager and Stakeholders Who will lead this project? Who are the major stakeholders? Milestones What are the key milestone dates associated with the project? Implementation Vote 2 Months Project Timeline   Key milestones Planning: Apr 2013 - Dec 2013 Design: Jan 2014 - Dec 2014 Bid / Award: Jan 2015 - Apr 2015 Construction: May 2015 - Mar 2016 Closeout: Apr 2016 - Jul 2016 Project Timeline (Subcatogories) Demolition of old playgroundRead MoreEssay on Week 2809 Words   |  4 PagesLabor relations chapter 1 – 2 notes 1. Experts believe that the widening gap between the richest and poorest individuals in the U.S. is in part due to the weakened position of labor unions. (Points : 1) |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   True   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   False | 2. In the U.S., most workers can be discharged for good cause, no cause, and even a morally wrong cause, as long as the discharge is not on the basis of race, gender, religion or another classification protected by law. (Points : 1) |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   TrueRead MoreWeek 2 Quiz1279 Words   |  6 Pages. (TCO 2) Bubba’s Crawfish Processing Company uses a traditional overhead allocation based on direct labor hours. For the current year overhead is estimated at $2,250,000 and direct labor hours are budgeted at 415,000 hours. Actual overhead was $2,200,000 and actual direct labor hours worked were 422,000. (a) Calculate the predetermined overhead rate. Rate, based on budgeted factory overhead cost and budgeted activity, that is established before a period begins. 2,250,000/415,000 Budgeted

British Imperialism Essay Free Essays

Jordan Shiber Pd. 5 European Imperialism in parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia had a more positive impact on the world. The three main reasons I say this is one, Europeans truly thought they were doing good by imposing on other countries. We will write a custom essay sample on British Imperialism Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now They thought buy bringing in new cultures and traditions the country would be better off and it would benefit them and the country there are imposing on because both countries would be together and the country taking them over would have new and useful resources and the country being taken over would be a part of the European success and gain new ideas and a way of life. Jules Ferry said, â€Å"something else is needed for France:†¦that she must also be a great country exercising all of her rightful influence over the destiny of Europe, that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the world and carry everywhere that she can her language, her customs, her flag, her arms, and her genius†. (Beck 351) This translates to basically the definition of assimilation, or influencing a country using your customs, traditions, and way of life. Second, European countries were more modernized than African countries so by invading they are helping to modernize Africa. Just look at Africa today compared to back then especially South Africa, they are extremely modernized other than the desert parts. Lastly, the invasion of European countries gave the Africans more job opportunities which helped their economy. Before I get into the individual countries positive affects, think about Social Darwinism or basically survival of the fittest. If a country is too weak to defend itself and another country can take it over and successfully run the country, they should be able to without any complaints. To start off, the Europeans thought that they were actually good by invading Africa and imposing their ideas on them. They thought by bringing in new ideas and traditions it would actually benefit the Africans. Also, really good infrastructure was built throughout Africa. Next, Africa and other places werent as modernized as Europe. Africans decided they had to adjust to the modern world or be consumed by it. The invasion of Europeans basically influenced them to change and become more like the rest of the world. In 1831, Muhammad Ali gained control of Syria and Arabia. He began a series of reforms in the military and in the economy. The Suez Canal’s construction was supported by his grandson, Ismail. The European influenced is what caused this canal to be built along with any other reform in Egypt. Egypt wanted to basically show their dominance by gaining power. This is a positive effect because other countries are starting to make themselves stronger. The final reason that European imperialism had a more positive impact on the world was that it gave out more job opportunities to those being invaded and helped the countries econmy and its way of life. Some examples of job created due to the invasion are servants,labourers on infrastructure projects, and soldiers in colonial armies. Also, local warfare was reduced and new hospitals and schools were provided. Another thing is richer families could send their children or even themselves to Europe so they could get a way better education. To conclude European Imperialism in parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, I would say it had a more positive effect. Europeans thought they were doing something good by imposing on other countries. They thought it was a good idea to bring in their way of life and influence the other people. Second, imperialism in Africa influenced some countries so not just sit back and let it be but to show their power and dominance. Lastly, imperialism created more job opportunities and helped out the country itself. Dadabhi Naoroji said â€Å"The genius and spirit of the British people is fair play and justice†. (Beck 351) This means is was okay for the British to do what they are doing. This is how European Imperialism in parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia had a more positive impact on the world. MLA Citations: Beck, Roger B. Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005. Print. Fieldhouse, David K. â€Å"Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914A? A? A? 1958. † Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914A? A? A? 1958. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Feb. 2013. How to cite British Imperialism Essay, Essay examples

Impact of transformational and leadership - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impact of transformational and leadership. Answer: Introduction The financial market in Australia is hugely competitive in nature. This is due to the reason that, Australia is having good number of established players in the market including the top 4 banks of Australia (Our history | Westpac, 2018). Thus, in order to cope up with the competition in this market, financial institutions should involve extensive marketing and business policies. Westpac is one of the top four banks of Australia having their market presence in New Zealand also. This is due to the reason that, Westpac is the largest bank in the Australia in terms of the banking network with having more than 1400 branches around Australia. In addition, Westpac is the second largest bank in Australia in terms of the assets. They are also having their market presence in New Zealand also, along with having the status of second largest bank in New Zealand. This report will discuss about the mission and vision statement of the Westpac bank of Australia in order to determine their competitive approach to the business and their stakeholders. In addition, the implementation of the corporate level strategies will also be discussed in this report to identify the types of strategies being implemented by them in their course of operation. The differences in the approaches will also be discussed in this report. Westpac bank has indulged in different criticisms in past due to their unethical business practices. Two of their most important criticisms will be discussed and analyzed in this report. The business environment of Westpac will also be discussed along with determining their key threats and opportunities. The internal management of them including the organizational culture and the style of leadership being practices in Westpac will be discussed. Organizational vision and mission Vision statement The vision statement of Westpac states that, they will strive to maintain their market leadership status in their existing market of Australia and New Zealand along with entering in new markets in the foreign countries in order to enhance their market presence and market share. Moreover, their vision statement also covers the sustainability and stakeholders also (Our history | Westpac, 2018). According to their vision statement, they are willing to be the best employer in terms of the management of the human resources and enabling the customers to gain the sustainable future. Dealing with the environmental challenges is also one of the key aspects being mentioned in their vision statement. Thus, it can be concluded that, the vision statement of Westpac is covering all the viable aspects of their business operation along with considering all the requirements of their stakeholders. Mission statement Mission statement of Westpac bank states that they are offering diverse financial services to their millions of customers in Australia and New Zealand. Moreover, the mission statement of them also concentrates on building effective relationship with their customers. In accordance to that, they are having various customer related approach to enhance the value for their customers (Our history | Westpac, 2018). Corporate strategies initiated by Westpac The 1800s In the initial stage of their business operation, network level strategies are being initiated by them. This is due to the reason that, according to the data available in their official website, the major expansion for the company was being initiated in 1851, when they started the operations of buying gold for the miners and traders (Our history | Westpac, 2018). Thus, with the help of the network level strategies, they had been able to increase their business boundaries along with enhancing the operational areas. This was needed at their initial stage due to the reason that, at that there aware various challenges being faced by them and they do not had brand value to push their services in the market (Drnevich and Croson, 2013). The 1900s This century came with economic slowdown and challenges for Westpac. However, in this case, they also initiated certain corporate strategies to overcome the challenges. One of the key strategies being initiated by them is the corporate level strategies. With the help of the corporate level strategy, they had acquired the commercial bank of Australia in 1982. Following which, they went on to initiate the process of strategic partnership and acquisitions of different financial institutions including the Challenge bank limited in 1995, acquiring the trust bank New Zealand in 19996 and bank of Melbourne in 1997 (Our history | Westpac, 2018). This helped them to gain the position of the market leader with having acquired majority of their competitors. However, with the rapid acquisitions, there are various challenges being faced by them including covering the added responsibilities and dealing with the different organizational structures in these firms. The 2000s This century proves one of the most diverse for the Westpac due to the fact that, they have involved various strategies in their business operation along with dealing with some of the major criticisms that they have faced. In accordance to the diverse environments being faced by them, various strategies including the corporate and business level strategies are being involved by them. One of the key business level strategies being initiated by them is to diversify their service offerings to cover more number of customers along with identifying the potential target markets in the foreign countries. Moreover, differentiation strategy is also being initiated by them in order to create distinctive image in the market. The service offerings of them are being made more customized to suit their target customers along with providing personalized financial services. This helps them to gain competitive advantages in the market and to provide unique experiences to their customers despite of having huge competition (Liu, 2013). On the other hand, Westpac also initiated the corporate level strategies in order to further expand their business. One of the prime examples of their initiation of corporate level strategies is the acquisition of Rothschild Australia Asset management, BT financial group and Hastings funds management limited. Moreover, in 2008, Westpac merged with St. George Bank Limited. Thus, with the initiation of both the business level and corporate level strategies, Westpac is being able to solidify their position in their existing markets along with marinating the market leadership position. All these mergers and acquisitions helped them to be the largest bank in Australia in terms of branch network. Criticisms of business practices of Westpac Lending to Unethical organizations Along with other leading banks of Australia, Westpac is also being accused in funding the firms around the world who are being indulged in unethical business practices. It is being accused that, by funding the unethical business practices of other business organizations, Westpac is also involving in having unethical business practices. One of the key accusations being faced by them is the lending of money to the palm oil giant Wilmar (Schwarten, 2018). This is due to the reason that, according to the reports, Wilmar is infamous for their land grabbing incidents. They are also been named as the least environment friendly companies in the world. Thus, by funding their projects, Westpac has faced criticisms. One of the key challenges being faced by them from the emerged criticism is the negative word of mouth. This is due to the reason that, emergence of this accusations caused negative impact on the customers. Westpac has gained the impression of being an unethical business organization even without being indulged in unethical practices by own. However, they have initiated various steps in order to reduce the implications of the criticisms. One of the key steps being initiated by them is to offering a public apology regarding the case. They have stated that, they will stop lending to their clients who are accused of having unethical business practices. Moreover, they have also stated that, from now on, they will closely monitor the activities of their client before providing services to them. Initiation of the public apology helped to reduce the negative impression on their customers along with informing them that Westpac is not supportive of these unethical issues. Remuneration offered by Westpac New Zealand Another criticisms being faced by them in the recent times is regarding the payment structure of the top boss of Westpac in New Zealand. This is due to the reason that, according to the reports, George Frazis, top head of Westpac in New Zealand is the highest paid executives in the whole country by attracting an annual package of USD 5.59 million (Banker's $5.5m package 'unethical', 2018). However, it was being heavily criticized by the employee union due to the reason that, the national economy is being going through economic slowdown. In addition, they have also stated that, being the fact that Westpac is supported by deposit guarantee scheme of the government, providence of this much salary will have the impression among the customers that, their deposited money is being using. This accusation caused damage in the overall reputation and goodwill of the organization in the market of New Zealand. However, in defending the move, Westpac has given the statement that, the annual package of their boss is being reduced and the salary is being calculated based on their internal rules and regulations. It was also being told by them that, their CEO held important posts in his previous institutions also and thus, he is eligible to have that salary. However, in this case, Westpac has not being able to deal with the situation effectively as they have done in the previous case. Determination of the competition for Westpac Threats of new entrants Threats of new entrants in the financial market of Australia are less due to the reason that, it involves huge investment. Moreover, goodwill and reputations matters most for the customers and thus established players enjoy the non-existence of new players in the market. However, there are various smaller organizations offering low cost services to their customers, which may grow in the future. Bargaining power of suppliers Banking organizations are having dependent on different suppliers due to the reason that, they cats as the middle man between the process of lending and accepting deposit. Suppliers are having more bargaining powers due to the reason that, they can determine the rate of lending of Westpac. Thus, the more will be the higher bargaining power of the suppliers, the less will be the profitability of the banks. Bargaining power of buyers There are huge number of buyers are available in the market along with having numerous players. Buyers are having diversified requirements from the banks. With the increase in the competition in the market, the bargaining power of the buyers will get increased further. Threats of substitutes In the recent times, there are various unconventional substitutes such as online payment bank and Bitcoin are being emerged in the market. Already, there are various competitors plying in the market, which is further increased the competition. Thus, the threat of substitutes is more for Westpac. Industry rivalry With having the presence of various competitors, the rivalry is more in the market. Moreover, more intense competition in the market will further reduce the profitability of Westpac. Thus, the intensity of the industry rivalry is high for Westpac. Determination of the internal environment of Westpac Strengths Highest number of branches in Australia helps them to cover more number of customers. Having rich heritage helps them to gain positive word of mouth in the market. Having the market presence outside of Australia helps them to reduce the dependency on single market. Weaknesses Huge competition in the market is reducing the profitability. Having their overseas operations only in New Zealand. Emergence of various criticisms reduced their goodwill and reputation. Opportunities Acquiring and merging with some of their competitors helped them to cut off the competition and increased the market potentiality. Initiation of latest technologies will be able to cover more number of customers. Entering in the developing market will further enhance the market opportunity for Westpac. Threats Uncertainty in origination of the accusations and criticisms. Emergence of economic slowdowns. Westpac Leadership Being one of the leaders in banking sector of Australia it is important for Westpac to incorporate to incorporate appropriate leadership style to gain competitive advantage by managing the workforce and directing the team towards growth. Being a customer service provider, it is important for directing the focus towards the customer satisfaction by engaging the employees. The extreme pressure of the competition in target market demands the leader to be motivate and encouraging for overcoming the workload in the industry (Bels, 2013). This led Westpac to incorporate a mixture of service leadership and the transactional leadership for keeping the employees motivated. The transactional leadership has two primary dimensions that are contingent rewards and management by exception (Clarke, 2013). The contingent reward helps the leaders to encourage the workforce with the benefits of providing extreme support to the organization, whereas, the management by exception makes the leaders to focu s to the areas in need. The service leadership on the other hand helps the organization in providing the customers extremely satisfactory experience its customers across the channels (Jiang, Chuang and Chiao, 2015). This leadership style requires the leaders in sharing the activities of their employees. Though Westpac is successful in providing quality service to their customers and is successful in positioning themselves as one of the leaders in the market, they can explore greater efficiency using the transformational leadership style. This style of leadership is believed to bring employee satisfaction and potentially increase the employee performance and their organizational commitment. The four primary component of this leadership are charisma, inspiration, individualised consideration and intellectual stimulation (Braun, Peus Weisweiler and Frey, 2013). This allows the leaders to have greater administration over the employees, which in turn makes them focus on the evaluation employee performance for offering them reward according to the service provided. This will also communicate the termination of the employees for performance lag. This further encourages the employees by appealing to the self-actualisation (Choudhary, Akhtar and Zaheer, 2013). Organizational culture Organizational culture is a unique phenomenon particular to the specific organization. This is considered as a powerful force that play active role in determining the organizational behaviour. Culture of an organization is based on the mission, values and beliefs held by it (Kaufman and McCaughan, 2013). Other elements of culture as identified by Al-bahussin and El-Garaihy (2013) are control system, organizational structure, power structure, and rituals and routines. Westpac has integrated a high level of discipline system in their organization for focusing on their mission and vision. Moreover, they believe in providing their customers the best service in the region. Their focus is to provide the high quality customer service through the integration of high performance workforce and culture. The business is driven by the core values of the organization that are: Formulate economic solution to the environmental change Provide assistance to the customers for attaining sustainability in the financial future. The company aims to address these values through their business activities. They seek to delight their customers by understanding their needs and provide service as one single team. This concept of one team helps the organization in creating respectful and discipline workplace environment (Anon, 2018). Integrity further facilitates in attaining high level of organizational discipline. Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that, Westpac with the help of their effective corporate and business level strategies managed to gain the major market share in the Australian and New Zealand market. With having their diverse service offerings, they are being considered as one of the top four banks in Australia. However, this report has analyzed different issues being faced by them in the recent times. Moreover, the impact of the competition along with the opportunities and threats are also being discussed in this report. Reference Al-bahussin, S.A. and El-Garaihy, W.H., 2013. The impact of human resource management practices, organizational culture, organizational innovation and knowledge management on organizational performance in large Saudi organizations: Structural equation modeling with conceptual framework.International Journal of Business and management,8(22), p.1. Bels, J., 2013. The leadership style and the productiveness of employees in the banking sector in Slovakia.Journal of Competitiveness,5(1). Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S. and Frey, D., 2013. Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), pp.270-283. Choudhary, A.I., Akhtar, S.A. and Zaheer, A., 2013. Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), pp.433-440. Clarke, S., 2013. Safety leadership: A meta?analytic review of transformational and transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,86(1), pp.22-49. Drnevich, P.L. and Croson, D.C., 2013. Information technology and business-level strategy: Toward an integrated theoretical perspective.Mis Quarterly,37(2). Jiang, K., Chuang, C.H. and Chiao, Y.C., 2015. Developing collective customer knowledge and service climate: The interaction between service-oriented high-performance work systems and service leadership.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(4), p.1089. Kaufman, G. and McCaughan, D., 2013. The effect of organizational culture on patient safety.Nursing Standard,27(43), pp.50-56. Liu, Y., 2013. Sustainable competitive advantage in turbulent business environments.International Journal of Production Research,51(10), pp.2821-2841. NZ Herald, 2018.Banker's $5.5m package 'unethical'. [online] NZ Herald. Available at: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=10688154 [Accessed 12 Jan. 2018]. Schwarten, E., 2018.New reasons to hate your bank?. [online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/national/oxfam-accuses-anz-nab-westpac-and-commonwealth-of-loaning-to-firms-engaged-in-unethical-practices/news-story/f132bcc29f27b5a301354aa9e6c558c0 [Accessed 12 Jan. 2018]. Westpac, 2018.Our history | Westpac. [online] Westpac.com.au. Available at: https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/westpac-group/company-overview/our-history/ [Accessed 12 Jan. 2018].

Soft system and social technical approaches

Abstract Scientific research has been evolving at an increasingly alarming rate. This has been triggered by the requirement of research community to provide significant answers to what seems as complex and disorderly world problematic situations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Soft System and Social Technical Approaches specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this effect, scientists feel obligated to conduct an interdisciplinary research project aimed at increasing knowledge in all the disciplines (Bandura 2002). Such research projects are aimed at attending to the challenges the globalizations and advancement in technology present to the users and consumers of information. The accuracy, integrity, and accessibility of information have become one of the fundamental issues that such research aims at addressing. The issues of integrity of information usage and the security of information is becoming an essentiality. The design of the information system should be able to address the challenges such as the ethical issues that have become a major headache to the researchers in the information and technology field. The ability to present a system that addressed such challenges will be an enormous milestone in addressing the challenges of the time and age. Introduction With various factors contributing to any issues in the current world, such variations make the world more complex and disorganized. There is need for an amicable approach in addressing and resolving such issues. It is never straightforward the case of identifying the root cause of the problem or diagnosing the problem instantly. With so much confusion often-surrounding problems, it may seem impossible to determine an appropriate solution. In order to resolve such issues, a problem-solving approach is paramount. Moreover, the approaches should be able to take various dimensions of the issue into account. This may entail the clearly und erstanding what is happening and strategies or brainstorm of the possible mechanism of addressing the issue or improving the situation. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is one of the approaches (Bandura 2002). Soft system methodolgy Soft Systems Methodology is a product of the continuing Action Research of Prof Peter Checkland, Brian Wilson plus other researchers. It is a guideline tool to problem-solving. The effort was in recognition of the fact that not all problems are obvious and neither do they have a predictable solution.Advertising Looking for report on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Common misunderstandings have emerged where the method has been viewed as planned to solve soft problems such as problems involving the social and cultural aspects. On the contrary, the concept applies to both hard and soft problems. The methodology, however adopts a different approach in every problematic situation. The ‘hardness ’ or ‘softness’ is not n innate characteristic of the perceived problem, instead it relates to how the problem is viewed by those involved in seeking the solution (Checkland 1985). Each and every problematic situation comprise of both soft and hard aspects. A problem becomes a problem boy the virtue of being viewed as such by human beings. This can be equated to such a saying that â€Å"one man’s poison is another man’s meat†. Current explanations and issues relating to soft system Developed in 1970 by Peter Checkland with his colleagues, Soft systems methodology (SSM) was designed to provide interventions in the challenges experienced in management, organizational and policy contexts. The methodology comes in handy especially where neither the problems nor the answers are obvious. It is closely related to the engineering system approaches. However, unlike the engineering system, it recognizes the central importance of perspective or world-vi ew in social situations. The approach is different from the ‘systems science’ approaches that was advanced in the 1960s, and reflects more on action research in its philosophy and approach. SSM is different from approaches of hard systems through its mode of dealing with the system concept. According to hard system approach, a ‘system’ is regarded as ontological entity-entities or objects that exist in the real world. For instance, when one talks of objects such as computer system or transport system, they mean physical things which can be described officially as well as structured to meet a certain need. SSM, on the other hand, regards the concept of ‘system’ as an epistemological entity and not ontological entity- a construction of the mind that aids in human understanding. When we are looking at an organization as a system, for instance, the things that come in our minds include the activities that take place within that company. We think of the process of converting some raw materials into given finished products; we also think of the efforts to make profits; we also get a mental picture of a number of employees as holders of different positions within the organization. As for the case for the unemployed young graduates, they would look at the organization as a potential employer.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Soft System and Social Technical Approaches specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In essence, different people will have varied perceptions over a given organization. It is not possible for us to provide a given single instruction as either right or wrong while there are other different to understand what is going on in the environment. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the perceptions and values of different individuals to get a clear picture of what concerns them within a given system. While trying to understand a production company, as a system, for example, we are conscious of the process of conversion of raw materials into the product. The system would therefore be composed of such stakeholders as suppliers of raw material, sugar-cane farmers, for example. We would also have customers to purchase the manufactured products. When looking at an organization whose sole objective is to create jobs for the locals, the system would constitute a different set of elements. In this case we would be interested in the infrastructure such as improved market infrastructures to enable farmers sell their farm produce. Improved transport system would also be of importance to allow for easy movement of people and the goods. A reliable communication network to allow timely flow of information would also be of significance. Boundary lines that are different have been drawn basing on different perceptions of people on what they perceive as the system. The development of SSM was influenced by the need to find solutions to complex situations where the problem to be solved is not clear; and the affected group of people hold different understanding of what constitutes the problem and the possible solution. For instance how to improve farm productivity by intensifying the use of chemical fertilizers at the same time conserving the environment; also how to realize industrialization without adversely affecting the environment in terms of pollution. A society may also be faced with a challenge of how to deal with youth gangs, who pose a threat to the community or drug abusers. The approach to solving such challenges may take many dimensions. However, instead of solving the problem, some proposed option may actually worsen the situation. There is need to take a close look at the wider situation and the likely consequences of choosing any given approach.Advertising Looking for report on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is so because, some situations are intertwined; changing one element may have knock-on effects on other aspects. A comprehensive understanding of the relationships that exist amongst situations is paramount. The role of SSM is to offer users with a guideline in developing an improved understanding of the complexity of situations’. Processes SSM is characterized by seven stages as follows: 1) Identification of the problematic situation that requires intervention. 2). Conducting a comprehensive research so to capture the bigger picture. 3) Perspective selection and a construction of root definitions (the major processes that need to occur within the desired system). 4) Conceptualization of a change system model. 5) Comparison of the model with the real-world situation. 6) Definitions of the changes to be made. Review of literature It is necessary to integrate our understanding and modeling over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales in order to address complex societa l and environmental Challenges. This calls for an increase in the level of societal meaningful Science (Lubchenco 2008). System based approaches have been critical in trying to understand humanity and our interactions with the external environment. Ludwig Von Bertalanffy is recognized for his major breakthrough in systems based approaches in the early twentieth century (Lubchenco 2008). Ludwig Von (Biologist) together with Kenneth Boulding (economist), Ralph Gerard (biologist), and Anatol Rapoport (mathematician) further developed a ‘General systems theory’ aimed at addressing the requirement for a more integrated approach to solving societal problems. This led to the birth of Society for General Systems Research in 1954 whose name later changed to the â€Å"International Society for Systems Science (Sage 1992). According to Checkland, in using a â€Å"Participative Approach† stakeholders are most likely to reach accommodations – a common understanding on how to address a given problematic situation. Through such approach, the company can adopt changes that are agreeable to all the stakeholders. The model of allowing all idea(accommodation) is not same as agreement. â€Å"Consensus involves a complete agreement among the stakeholders that the proposed changes best serve all of their needs. The notion of accommodation on the other hand, recognizes that this is an uncommon state of affairs† (Schlager 1956, p. 54), and consequently values that a lot of time different people requires can only be to some extent met by cooperative schemes. SSM Approach Vs CATWO Checkland proposed a 7-step learning methodology approach. However this was superseded by the CATWO model, developed by Action Research conducted at Lancaster. Despite this, the methodology is still widely used because of its step-wise approach which makes it easy to be taught. In addition, the model has a barrier which runs across it to draw a difference among the 3 stages i.e.between the Real World, above the line, and Systems Thinking. â€Å"CATWO, formulated by The Lancaster team proposes several criteria that should be specified to in order to provide a comprehensive and rigorous root definition† (Schlager 1956, p.54). Clients – Who are gainers or losers of this particular system? (Who would gain or lose as a result its operations?) Actors – all those staff members accountable for putting in practice the systems developed. Transformation – this is quantified based on advancement and changes that the implemented system brings in the organization(What are the contribution essentials and to which extend or in other words what sort of revolution do these input elements undergo before measureable output can be seen). Weltanschauung–also, know as worldview. What explicit worldview offers the rationalization to the being of this structure or system? Owner – Whose mandate is to change this system or review its ove rall performance Environmental constraints – what are the external constraints that should be considered? This type of analysis elucidates the objectives of the user of the methodology. By clearly recognizing these viewpoints, the client of the technique is required to mull over the effects of any anticipated transformations on the group concerned.† Following limitations of ‘hard’ systems including operations research and systems dynamics, Peter Checkland and colleagues developed ‘soft’ system approaches to counteract limitations associated with technical assessments† (Checkland 1985, p. 34). Advantages System approach allows participation by all the relevant actors take part in the problem situation and interact with the analyst. The approach teases out the problem situation, which offers a good ground for creative problem solving. Some problems in real life are not well defined and cannot be solved using scientific methods hence the sys tem approach helps in addressing them. The system approach allows for an iterative process, which allows the analyst to learn about the system and hence know how to go about it. Disadvantages The system approach often ignores power in the organization and this may create in the daily operations. The system relies too much on individuals’ perception and as such, it is fuzzy and cannot be easily applied in practice. Quite often, the system approach may neglect some of the forces that interact in society, such as Social constraints and group norms. The future of integrative systems based studies There is increasing pressure for scientists and policy makers to adopt more integrated and holistic approaches to understanding how we manage systems from the local to global scale. These include 1) advancement in Systems modeling approaches from systems biology to earth systems science. This involves qualitative network models as well as quantitative process/kinetics based approaches (B orgatti, 2009). It is the network models that have the potential to link systems biology, socio-ecological systems, and earth systems science. 2) There has been a continued improvement in data sharing between individual projects and disciplines. This has been easier by introduction of data and meta-data models To increase the sharing of data between individual projects and between disciplines. Examples of these advancements include markup languages e.g. system biology markup language ISO 27001 Current Explanation and Issues Relating to ISO 27001 IT Governance and information security Board corporate governance requirements have in the recent years become increasingly more defined and specific. With information technology becoming pervasive, underpinning and supporting almost every aspect of the organization, manipulation and storing of information on which the organization depends for its survival, the role of IT in corporate governance has become more clearly defined and IT governa nce getting to be more recognized as a crucial area for board and corporate attention. IT governance is specifically concerned with the protection of the information. protection of this information is critical as the organization’s decision is heavily pegged on its availability, confidentiality and integrity. As a result, parallel international standards related to information security have emerged and have become one of the cornerstones of an effective IT governance framework. The information security standards British standard Institution came up with BS7799 in 1995 as a standard to guide the development and implementation of an Information Security Management System (ISMS). On the outset, BS7799 was considered, as a technology-neutral, vendor-neutral management system. It was intended that, if accurately implemented, it would guarantee an organization’s management of effective information security measures (Hall 1962). Those rallying for the BS7799 measures aim at a ddressing the challenges associated with availability, the integrity aspect and also the confidentiality of the information in an organization.. Protection covers those threats that the organization considers relevant and only to the extent that is justified financially and commercially through a risk assessment. The Code of Practice (which uses words like ‘may’ and which deals with controls, not with Information Security Management Systems), is now recognized under the dual numbers of ISO17799 and BS7799-1 . The basis for certification schemes is specification and ISO 27001 mandates the use of ISO 17799 as the source of guidance for the selection and implementation of the controls mandated by ISO 27001. The most recent version of the Code of Practice, and the one which must be used, is ISO/IEC 17799:2005. BS7799-2:2002 has also undergone revision and internationalization, and was replaced in November 2005 by ISO/IEC 27001:2005. The best way to keep in touch with the ch anges to the standards is to subscribe to 24743, the free information security newsletter that provides regularly updated FAQs on the new standards, as well as other ISMS information. The information security and regulatory environments ISO 27001 refers to a standard containing requirements for a company to implement an information security management system. There are two main reasons explaining the growing interest in certification to ISO 2700. These are: 1) the proliferation of threats to information this is aimed at curbing the possibility of the information landing on the wrong place or unauthorized persons having access to such information. Such incidences can have elemental effects to the institutions or the organizational functions. In addition, 2) the growth in the lawful and constitutional needs that are associated with information authenticity and protection. This is mostly useful when dealing with secure information. Such applications are used in the security sector, ban ks and credit cards etc where the transfer of information is through the protected channels accessible to few authorized individuals. This is aimed at minimizing compromising situation s that may results when the public or unauthorized persons access the information. Information security and technology Securing data or protecting computers from threats is normally undertaken by people with IT knowledge. This is done by assigning the users with log in credentials that regulate the person accessing the information. The ability of regulating who accesses what information also enables the It team to monitor and regulate the information flow and also be able to audit the information access and distribution in the system (Bennett, 2009). The computer user makes decisions about which threats to be protect the system from and what trade-offs between security and flexibility he or she is prepared to accept. The usage of the computers vary and various experts do various tasks based on the [po wers that the computers or the specifications of the job to be done. The variations in the usage rights also enables only certified people to access some classified information. Some of the information in the system can be very confidential and only the qualified personnel should be allowed to have access and possibly distribute such information(Schlager 1956). Advantages of ISO 27001 The benefits of ISO 27001 emanates from its principles. These are confidentiality, integrity, accuracy, completeness, and availability. The confidentiality allows the clients to have faith in the system and trust using the system for their day-to-day business. The integrity concepts emanates from the fact that the system is able to carry out the specified instructions or transactions pertaining a given action or command instructed. The accuracy assures the users that they will not be overcharged or underpaid thus ensuring that the information validity is not compromised. The availability of the appropr iate information to the right person at the right time. ISO 27001 ensures confidentiality that is information may not be made availed or disclosed for people, entities, or processes without permission. ISO 27001 ensures integrity. The information is protected from unauthorized changes. Conclusions Advances in a wide range of systems focused disciplines have increased our ability understand and model socio-ecological systems from the sub-cellular to global scale. These can be classed as ‘hard’, ‘soft’ approaches, and both are required when you are studying systems across multiple spatial and organizational levels. Here I suggest that diagramming, network theory combined with markup languages based on data and metadata standards within an analytical-deliberative framework can lead to learning and greater integration across these disparate systems based approaches. I am not suggesting that one approach or framework will address all situations, but highlighting the commonalities that will enable us to integrate across situations. References Bandura, A 2002, Social Learning Theory, General Learning Press- New York, New York. Bennett, E, Peterson G Gordon, J 2009, ‘Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem service,’ Ecology Letters, vol. 12, no.4, pp.1394-1404. Borgatti, P, Mehra, A, Brass, J, Labianca, G 2009, ‘Network analysis in the social sciences,’ Science, vol. 323, pp.892-895. Checkland, P1985, ‘From optimizing to learning – a development of systems thinking for the 1990s’, Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 36, no. 2,pp. 757-767. Hall, A1962, A methodology for systems engineering, Prentice Hall, New York. Lubchenco, J 2008,’Entering the century of the environment: A new social contract for science’, Science, vol.279, no.4, pp. 491-497. Sage, AP1992, Systems Engineering. Wiley IEEE, New York. Schlager, J1956, ‘Systems engineering key to mode rn development,’ IRE Transactions EM-3, vol. 2. No.2, pp. 64–66. This report on Soft System and Social Technical Approaches was written and submitted by user Edith G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Isolation, Failure To Communicate, And Being Defined By One Event In One’s Life In Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio

Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio is a collection of short stories set in the obscure, hick town of Winesburg, Ohio. Every story contains within it a character with an obsession that labels the character grotesque. This grotesqueness is exhibited through odd behavior, such as self isolation, lack of communication, and becoming defined by one event in life, and is expressed in the novel’s many themes and motifs. Moreover, these themes and motifs offer insight into America’s involvement in WWI and WWII. The common character among these stories is a 19-year-old reporter named George Willard who, for unknown reasons, connects with the grotesques of the community and listens to their tales. After involving himself with many strange characters, George Willard realizes the town’s peculiar nature and goes west in hopes of beginning a â€Å"normal† life. The themes of isolation, failure to communicate, and being defined by one event in life pervade many of the novel’s stories. The two stories following â€Å"The Book of the Grotesque,† â€Å"Hands† and â€Å"Paper Pills,† exemplify the themes of isolation and failure to communicate. The story of Wing Biddlebaum, an old Pennsylvanian schoolteacher, unfolds. Gaining his name from his hands that shake â€Å"like†¦the beating of the wings of an imprisoned bird,† Biddlebaum left Pennsylvania to avoid a lynching after being unjustly accused of molesting one of his students. Settling in Winesburg, Wing lives isolated in the outskirts of the community, breaking his solitude only to talk with his friend George Willard. Wing Biddlebaum’s hands offer insight into his motives for isolation and inability to communicate. His overly active hands help and hinder his ability to communicate with others. Wing was described as communicating â€Å"by the caress that was in his fingers,† however, in his past, his hands have been the source of his downfall. Consequently, Wing decided that he would rathe... Free Essays on Isolation, Failure To Communicate, And Being Defined By One Event In One’s Life In Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio Free Essays on Isolation, Failure To Communicate, And Being Defined By One Event In One’s Life In Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio is a collection of short stories set in the obscure, hick town of Winesburg, Ohio. Every story contains within it a character with an obsession that labels the character grotesque. This grotesqueness is exhibited through odd behavior, such as self isolation, lack of communication, and becoming defined by one event in life, and is expressed in the novel’s many themes and motifs. Moreover, these themes and motifs offer insight into America’s involvement in WWI and WWII. The common character among these stories is a 19-year-old reporter named George Willard who, for unknown reasons, connects with the grotesques of the community and listens to their tales. After involving himself with many strange characters, George Willard realizes the town’s peculiar nature and goes west in hopes of beginning a â€Å"normal† life. The themes of isolation, failure to communicate, and being defined by one event in life pervade many of the novel’s stories. The two stories following â€Å"The Book of the Grotesque,† â€Å"Hands† and â€Å"Paper Pills,† exemplify the themes of isolation and failure to communicate. The story of Wing Biddlebaum, an old Pennsylvanian schoolteacher, unfolds. Gaining his name from his hands that shake â€Å"like†¦the beating of the wings of an imprisoned bird,† Biddlebaum left Pennsylvania to avoid a lynching after being unjustly accused of molesting one of his students. Settling in Winesburg, Wing lives isolated in the outskirts of the community, breaking his solitude only to talk with his friend George Willard. Wing Biddlebaum’s hands offer insight into his motives for isolation and inability to communicate. His overly active hands help and hinder his ability to communicate with others. Wing was described as communicating â€Å"by the caress that was in his fingers,† however, in his past, his hands have been the source of his downfall. Consequently, Wing decided that he would rathe...

Comparison between Amazon.com and Borders Books Essay

Comparison between Amazon.com and Borders Books - Essay Example Another concern of the present study is the Borders Books that represents a bookstore publicly held spreading its business through a large number of stores and encountering different stages of business. Thus the current study focuses on the two different companies- Amazon.com and Borders Books- and conducts a learning on their histories, business approaches, management and marketing and how they have gone through their successes and failures and thus try to recommend some policies that might enable the companies to have better marketing conditions. History of Amazon.com and Borders Books: The Amazon.com Company was started in the year 1994 by Jeff Bezos. The origin of the company was in Washington. Bezos’ idea regarding the business was appreciated and investments were supported by Nick Hanauer who was a businessman by profession. Then the company had plans to go online and spread its business. Initially the business was not as shining as it is known to be in the present times . In the early times of its initiation, the website was not very attractively designed and hence lacked the attention of the customers. By the year 1995, a person named Tom Alburg helped the company through further investments and thus the website was designed newly which then started attracting customers. Gradually the company introduced several products and within a short span of time, the company gained huge success as well as profits (The History of Amazon.com, 2011). The history of Borders Books reflects the contribution of several stores of books that include the Borders, Waldenbooks and Brentano's. The Borders Bookstores were started by two brothers, Tom Borders and Louis Borders, in the year 1971. Initially the store was opened in Ann Arbor. Later stores were also opened in Michigan, Atlanta and Indianapolis. Their books were also sold through other booksellers. The first superstore of the company was established in the year 1985. By the year 1988, the Borders bookstores, wh ich later went online, proved to be huge success and delivered efficiently (Peterson, 2012). Business Approach, Management and Marketing of Amazon.com and Borders Books: As far as the business approaches of the two companies are concerned, it has been observed that the Amazon.com and Borders Books both had its focus on the increasing sales and the satisfaction of the customers. While Amazon.com has been found to initially struggle and later on efficiently managed success till the present times, the Borders Books have been found to initially achieve success but later the company failed to maintain its position in the market and lost to bankruptcy. It has been found that the concept of internet marketing was much more effectively understood and utilized by Amazon.com rather than by Borders Books (Volcanic, 2009). Amazon.com had its focus on the customers’ preferences and the manner in which there website could be more attractive to them. Thus initially when the company had rece ived financial assistance it focused on the design of the website that resultantly gained more customers for the company. The company was so concerned with the customers’ satisfaction that they even introduced systems to receive feedback from the customers, thus giving the customers the feeling of being significant. When the company encountered severe losses in 2001, it initiated

Application of Advertising Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Application of Advertising - Coursework Example Though smart automobiles are manufactured in France on the special factory called Smartville the headquarter of the company is situated in Boblingen (Smart History). Smart was created as a completely innovative model and its design and production was performed in association with Swatch brand in the beginning. The main emphasis was placed on the small size of the automobiles and the subsequent comfort for drivers. The logo, the motto and the name of the brand reflect that concept. The logo consists of a letter â€Å"c† and an arrow which are interpreted as â€Å"compact† and â€Å"forward thinking†. The motto of the company sounds like â€Å"open your mind† and is addressed to free and extravagant people who are no afraid of trying something new (Lewin, 2010). There have been several variations of smart design after the original model called Smart Fortwo was launched. Now electric versions of cars and the automobiles with exclusive design as well as sport cars are available in Europe, Latin America, Australia, Asia, and North America (Smart History). Obviously the advertising campaign for such an extraordinary product had to be absolutely creative. The first and the most noticeable thing that Smart manufactures managed to do was to give a product a personality that set it apart from all the other competitors. Smart car appeared as a pretty, witty, and a compact accessory and did not resemble a car in its general sense. Most people got used to the fact that to feel safe and respectable they have to drive big monochrome automobiles produced in Germany which is famous as the motherland of best cars. Smart has broken the standards - it started manufacturing cars that looked like they could fit into woman`s purse (that is another reason why smart cars are appreciated by women). Nevertheless, the status of the consumer did not decrease – it is not a compromise between more expensive and less expensive car-

Take home assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Take home assignment - Essay Example The selection of the contrasting colours for the statue of liberty and the background alows for the best visibility feature of the statue. The same fetaure applies to the fountain and the background (front of the plaza). The selection of the colors is highly relevant in enhancing the visibility of the features and assurance of excellent appreciation by audience. The statue of liberty has compounded demerits on visibility at various times of the day. In the morning while the sun is rising and seting , the background would typically be shiny and therefore the featur is not well visible. The selection of the white colour for the statue of librty is properly suited for skyblue days which perhaps is expected for most of the days. On contrary, the plaza front visibility was designed to suit both day and night as there is artificial lighting at night. The painting appear highly imposing to most viewers from CPA. I had not noticed it before and msot people most do not appear to notice it. I think the painting is designed to be seen from far place so as to appreciate the essence of art and entailed painting. My ansewers to the previous questioners would encourage the painter to hang his paintings on this point due to excellent selelction of colours for backgrround and highlighted feature. I have noted and observed clear linking of architecture and enhanced aesthetics achievenment through entailing of proper colors for the building and proper visibility for movemnet of the people. The visibility of the painting changes at various times of the day. It is highly visible at night from outside. The designer wanted the painter to be highly appreciated by audience at night and also help in enancing of visibility for moving

Colonization And Neo Colonization History Essay

Colonization And Neo Colonization History Essay Colonization is the extension of political and economic control over an area by a state, whose nationals have occupied the area and usually possesses organizational or technological superiority over the native population. MOTIVES OF COLONIZATION: Colonization has occurred through out the history in Europe. Three most influential colonizers work British, Spanish, French. These three countries had three basic motives: Material gain Desire to spread religion. Desire expend territory. Using these motives they created long term effects in the culture religion and economy of areas that they colonize. EARLY COLONIZATION: As early as the 10th cent. B.C., the Phoenicians founded trading posts throughout the Mediterranean area and later exercised political dominion over these commercial colonies. The Greeks, from a desire for wealth or as a result of the expulsion of a political faction or the defeated inhabitants of a city, established colonies in Asia Minor and Italy, spreading Hellenic culture and stimulating trade. BIGGEST COLONIZATION OF HISTORY: Colonization of India Colonization of Africa Colonization of America COLONIZATION IN AFRICA: From the seventh century, Arab trade with sub-Saharan Africa led to a gradual colonization of East Africa, around Zanzibar and other bases. After that Africa remained colonized under French, British Portuguese. French established equality, interracial marriages, rights support. British didnt support equality they considered others lower didnt liked it if they adopted British culture. Portuguese allowed interracial marriages but considered blood related Portuguese as superior Finally struggle was made by Africans to gain independence get rid off colonization. COLONIZATION IN AMERICA During the sixteenth century the work of colonizing America was left almost entirely to the people of Spain. Colonies were established on the coasts of South and Central America. in 1519 Cortez began that memorable expedition which soon subjected the Aztec empire of Mexico to his sway. In a comparatively short time the whole of western South America from the lower boundary of Chili to the Caribbean coast was Spanish territory. COLONIZATION IN INDIA : When the British colonize India they modernized and make conveniences only for themselves. India suffered, destruction of education system, economies ancient monuments and lively hood of people. Living standards, sanitation, water resources and other facilities were barely provided. The East India Company established trading posts on different parts along the India coast. IMPACT OF COLONIZATION SELF IMAGE IDENTITY: New cultures religion was introduced but tradition culture was destroyed. Example : British brought English language but destroyed traditions. DECISION MAKING LEADERSHIP: Colonization weakens decision making leaders. Example: Tribal leadership system in Africa was destroyed. RIGHTS: No equality or rights were given to the natives. Example: Indians were forced to labor on constructions of road buildings but were kept from benefiting from such. WEALTH RESOURCES: Exploitation of resources occurred. Example: Tons of silver gold were transported from America to Spain. Similarly British took valuable jewels from India etc. NEO COLONIZATION: As long as imperialism exists it will, by definition, exert its domination over other countries. Today that domination is called neocolonialism.   Che Guevara,  Marxist  revolutionary, 1965 Neo Colonization is used for the exploitation rather than for development of less developed parts of world.   Kwame Nkrumah, who in 1957 became leader of newly independent  Ghana, was one of the most notable figures to use the term. HOW NEO-COLONIZATION OCCURS TODAY: The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to neo colonization is in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international power. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside. METHODS AND FORMS OF NEO COLONIZATION: In an extreme case the troops of the imperial power may occupy the territory of the neo-colonial State and control the government of it. More often, however, neo-colonialist control is exercised through economic or monetary means. Control over government policy in the neo-colonial State may be secured by payments towards the cost of running the State and by monetary control over foreign exchange through the imposition of a banking system controlled by the imperial power. RESULT OF NEO COLONIZATION: The result of neo-colonialism is that foreign capital is used for the exploitation rather than for the development of the less developed parts of the world. Investment under neo-colonialism increases rather than decreases the gap between the rich and the poor countries of the world. STRUGGLES AGAINST NEO COLONIZATION: The struggle against neo-colonialism is not aimed at excluding the resources of the developed world from operating in less developed countries. It is aimed at preventing the financial power of the developed countries being used in such a way as to weaken the less developed. EXAMPLE: Non-alignment, as practiced by Ghana and many other countries, is based on co-operation with all States. Such a policy, therefore, involves foreign investment from capitalist countries, but it must be invested in accordance with a national plan drawn up by the government of the non-aligned State. NEO COLONIZISM A THREAT: The growth of nuclear weapons has made, the old-fashioned balance of power out dated. Historically the mutual mass destruction prevented countries from threatening each other. But now the case is different. Rich and technologically developed countries aim to have better and more dangerous nuclear power, whereas poor countries may be low at these resources and may not be able to compete with the richer developed states. The evil of neo-colonialism is that it prevents the formation of those large units which would make impossible limited war. To give one example: if Africa was united, no major power community would attempt to control it by limited war. Neo-colonialism is also the worst form of imperialism. For those who practice it, it means power without responsibility and for those who suffer from it, it means exploitation without redress. In the days of old-fashioned colonialism, the imperial power had at least to explain and justify at home the actions it was taking abroad. In the colony those who served the ruling imperial power could at least look to its protection against any violent move by their opponents. With neo-colonialism neither is the case. Neo-colonialism is based upon the principle of breaking up former large united states into a number of small non-viable States which are incapable of independent development and must rely upon the former imperial power for defense and even internal security. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE OLD IMPERIALISM [COLONIZATION] AND THE NEW GLOBALIZATION PROCESS [NEO COLONIZATION]: In old colonialism you at least knew who your enemy was, you felt the knife on the back. You knew what had to be done if you wanted a better life. In globalization you are captive and unaware. When the prisoners are unaware of their chains then its hopeless. The US is freely threatening other countries. After Iraq war, nearly 2.5 million people are out of their country, one million plus have been killed, 75% are without electricity and drinking water. In the U.S. it has touched the lives of African-Americans who have had lives caught in street violence and are fighting for their lives. Suddenly Islam comes to them and they find peace, dignity and a faith they can believe in. The underlying value of globalization is material. In this proliferation of unnecessary necessities, as Mark Twain said, result in the enrichment of the rich and the greater impoverishment of the poor, in every country. Globally, the numbers of the poor are increasing fast, the concentration of wealth is greater. That is an unlivable position. The U.S. governments need for an enemy, its search for new enemies is really a way of uniting the country, covering its real motives and appealing for patriotism that is called the last refuge of the scoundrel. Patriotism is not the real motive. The real motive is domination and exploitation, and to get away with it you have to have a rallying ground, an enemy. That is where the military comes in. The U.S. spends more on arms than all other countries combined.

Invisible Man Essay: The Phases of Invisibility -- Invisible Man Essay

The Phases of Invisibility in Invisible Man      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To be invisible is to be unable to be seen by anyone without artificial aid.   The invisible man is more impossible to locate than the proverbial needle in a haystack.   In Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man, the main character, I., progresses through various phases of symbolic invisibility.      The story begins with I. recounting the various steps and incidents that led him to realize his invisibility.   I.'s grandfather was a meek and humble man, and therefore surprised I. when he told him to "live with your head in the lion's mouth, overcome 'em with yeses, agree 'em to death and destruction."   This statement is the ever-present current that guides I. to his eventual self-discovery.   It haunts him beyond his discovery and even remains after his acceptance of his situation, where the reader realizes that even I. does not fully understand his grandfather's words.   The battle royal serves to open his eyes, although only slightly, only to be re-closed, because I. still gives his acceptance speech to the crowd of prominent white men from the town. These are the same men who were moments ago screaming "let me at that big nigger". Yet he still assumes these men respect him for his intelligence, and are taking him seriously. Upon reflection he realizes that this is whe n he really started running for the white man. He was playing their games, trying to grab the electrified money, not looking at the naked white woman, these men really started him running and taught him their game he was expected to play. The next big shock came after I.'s encounter with Mr. Norton, a prominent white man and huge contributor to the University he was attending. He takes Mr. Norton into the old slave... ...ntinues on to explore his newfound knowledge. There is a hope for those that are invisible, which so many are, that you may be able to come to terms with your transparency.    Works Cited Bellow, Saul. "Man Underground" Review of Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man. Commentary. June 1952. 1st December 1999<http://www.english.upeen.edu/~afilreis /50s/bellow-on-ellison.html Earl, Gerald. "Decoding Ralph Ellison" Essay obtained from IGC.org Summer '97. 30 November. <http://www.igc.org/dissent/archive/summer97/early.html Howe, Irving. "Black Boys and Native Sons" English Dept. at Univ. Penn. 1 December 1999 <http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/howe-blackboys.html. Howe, Irving. "Review of: Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man" Pub. The Nation. 10 May 1952. 30 November 1999. <http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/howe-on-ellison.html.

Mary Shelley: Submissive Women in Writing

In the writing of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein or, The Modern Prometheus, she creates four submissive female characters all of who are negatively affected by the hands of Victor Frankenstein. These four submissive female characters are Agatha, Safie, Elizabeth, and Justine.Each of these women is proposed as passive and nonessential. The women, Agatha, Safie, Elizabeth, and Justine, make a pathway for the creation of action for male characters. The actions that happen with/to these women negatively affect them for the purpose of teaching one of the male characters a lesson or inflicting deep emotions to the male characters.Agatha’s purpose to man in this book was teaching the monster. â€Å"The girl [Agatha] was young, and of gentle demeanour†¦she looked patient, yet sad.† (Shelley 75, 76). Agatha teaches the monster many things mostly by him observing her interactions with her blind father and studying her actions and mannerisms. â€Å"Agatha listened with r espect, her eyes sometimes filled with tears, which she endeavored to wipe away unperceived†(Shelley 80). Agatha teaches the monster about respect, sensitivity, and human relationships.Safie, a close friend of the De Lacey’s, comes on horseback to the cottage. Safie is Arabian and doesn’t know or understand english, so the De Lacey’s give her lessons. Safie’s lessons in language and culture become the monster’s lessons as well. â€Å"My days were spent in close attention†¦ I improved more rapidly than the Arabian†¦I comprehended and could imitate almost every word that was spoken†¦ I also learned the science of letters†(Shelley 85). Safie is another passive female character that caused action by the monster. To the audience it is insignificant weather or not Safie learns english, but it is furthering the monster’s education. Thus it was for the sake of teaching a male character a lesson and of no real benefit to t he female character.Justine is one of the most passive, submissive female characters and hardly even has a voice in the novel. Justine is ultimately framed for the murder of William Frankenstein, yet she remains collected and serene. Justine  handles herself with poise even with her unfortunate circumstances.â€Å"God knows how entirely I am innocent†¦ I rest my innocence on a plain and simple explanation of the facts which have been adduced against me†(Shelley 56). Justine’s purpose becomes clear when she is framed. She becomes static, a victim of her circumstance.Mary Shelley describes Elizabeth as submissive and tender. Elizabeth is the most influential character associated with Victor Frankenstein, causing a roller coaster of emotions. Mary Shelley writes Elizabeth’s submissiveness quite obviously when she says, â€Å"she presented Elizabeth to me as her promised gift, I [Victor], with childish seriousness, interpreted her words literally, and looked upon Elizabeth as mine†¦since till death she was to be mine only†(Shelley 19).This belittles Elizabeth and essentially makes her a victim of the monster because of her relationship with Victor. Even when the monster threatens Elizabeth, Victor doesn’t try to protect her entirely, and puts his frustration with the monster over Elizabeth. Elizabeth is belittled along with the other female characters, making them mere tools to get revenge.There is one more hidden female character, without whom, the novel would not succeed. Margret Saville is the most passive, submissive female character. There is no way to know if she even exists entirely, but her significance is one of great magnitude.Margret Saville is the reason Robert Walton writes the letters explaining what has happened and what Victor has told him, thus creating the whole story. Margret is so submissive that she doesn’t even get a voice in the novel; there is never a response from her.Mary Shelley creat ed many submissive female characters, all of whom were used, objectified, and castaway after greatly impacting man’s life. They are used as tools of revenge and decried for the works of the men who used them.

Job Order Costing Essays - Management Accounting, Overhead, Cost

Job Order Costing Essays - Management Accounting, Overhead, Cost GAAP dictates a particular manner in which manufacturing overhead is reported on all financial statements obtained through financial accounts. However, in order to truly assess costs associated with production managerial accountants must utilize different techniques. Managerial accounting utilizes various costing methods in order to allocate manufacturing overhead charges with production. These techniques better equip decision-makers within firms with appropriate information needed to make the best decisions possible. Williams, Haka, and Bettner (2015), describe these reasons as to why overhead costs are allocated to certain products or services using an application rate rather than dividing total overhead cost by units produced. The first reason is that units and costs produced are not compiled until the end of the year. This leaves management devoid of essential information needed to make important decisions throughout the year. The second reason is that not all services or produced consume an equal amount of overhead. Finally, anticipating overhead per product is helpful in making decisions regarding the use of overhead in production processes. Improper pricing is one of the most devastating results to occur if overhead is improperly applied to products or services. An appropriate overhead application rate is determined through expressing a relationship between some activity base and relating to the production process and overhead costs (Williams et al.,2015). Firms must ensure that an activity base is selected that best matches individual capabilities and needs. Additionally, firms must ensure wise estimates are made regarding overhead costs. For overhead application rates to provide reliable results, any activity base chosen to compute an application rate must be a significant driver of overhead costs (Williams et al.,2015, pg.764). It is important to choose a base that is a prime driver, or directly related to, overhead costs. For calculation purposes using one cost driver for all calculations may seem simplest. However, it is important to understand that this technique is likely to yield just that, simple results. In order for a firm to remain competitive and make well informed decisions, using multiple cost drivers is recommended. The objective of this type of cost allocation is to align overhead costs with the product, activity, job, or process generating such costs. This method is more likely to result in more accurate information pertaining to the allocation of overhead costs. Reference Williams, J. R., Haka, S. F., Bettner, M. S., & Carcello, J. V. (2015). Financial & managerial accounting: The basis for business decisions (17th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies.

Effects of Depth and Sediment Concentration on the Penetration of Photosynthetically essays

Effects of Depth and Sediment Concentration on the Penetration of Photosynthetically essays Effects of Depth and Sediment Concentration on the Penetration of Photosynthetically Introduction The purpose of this study plan is to measure the effects of light on sedimentary particles in water. This study plan will include information pertaining to equipment, procedures, and analysis. This plan will also discuss problems that could arise during the sampling. Objectives The objective of this study is to observe whether sedimentary accumulation at various depths will effect the penetration of light energy. One reason for monitoring light penetration is to determine if sufficient energy is available for photosynthesis. This energy is effected by the amount of sedimentation that is suspended in the water. In order to ensure the data's scientific validity this study needs to include the main principles. These include selecting a control; a control will be the measurement that all other data is compared to. Second, the selection of the sample sites must be non-bias and random. This ensures that the experiments are not predictable or foreseeable. Finally the experiments must be described in great detail so that they can be replicated at a later date. Literature Energy is distributed throughout the worlds oceans in several usable forms. The heat transmitted during absorption is responsible for ocean waves, temperature and currents. Light penetration in water will measure in units of quanta. This measurement refers to the amount of sunlight that penetrates the water at various depths. The light energy is absorbed and scattered by suspended particles, dissolved substances, and the water itself (USGS). Other factors include attenuation coefficient: rate at which light decreases with depth. This means that each site studied may have a different attenuation coefficient. An example of a high coefficient would indicate a rapid decrease in light penetration, therefore, high sedimentation. Another factor to be aware o...

Ludwig Von Beethoven and his Ninth Symphony Essay

Ludwig Von Beethoven and his Ninth Symphony - Essay Example Despite these abhorrent forms of child abuse, Beethoven developed a sensitivity and vision for music. In 1789, after his mother’s death, Beethoven was forced to into manhood. He went determined, to his fathers employer and demanded - and got – half of his fathers salary so that he could take care of his brothers and one year old sister. In 1792 his father, much to Beethoven’s relief died. In 1801 Beethoven confessed to his friends at Bonn his worry of becoming deaf. In 1802, he wrote a famous text which expressed his distress at his perceived unfairness of his life. He could not reconcile himself with the idea of a loving music and that his most important sense, his hearing, was dissipating. Desolate, he did not want to live through the process of becoming deaf. Beethovens career as a virtuoso pianist was brought to an end when he began to experience his first symptoms of deafness. In a letter written to his friend Karl Ameda on 1 July 1801, he admitted he was e xperiencing signs of deafness. It is perhaps this resolute refusal to cave in to his deafness that allowed him to continue his marvelous works. Indeed, it can be said that Beethoven continued in his compositions in spite of his deafness. In 1802 his doctor sent him to Heiligenstadt, a village outside Vienna, in the hope that its rural peace would rest in his hearing. The new surroundings reawakened in Beethoven a love of nature and the countryside, and hope and optimism returned. By autumn however, Beethoven felt so low both physically and mentally that he feared he would not survive the winter.

Investigative Reporter Assigment Research Paper

Investigative Reporter Assigment - Research Paper Example In that context it will be really valid to mention a CIA report as per which Iraq maintained and retained weapons of mass destruction program irrespective of the varied prohibitive UN resolutions (CIA 1). This report elaborated in detail that Iraq had a clandestine weapons of mass destruction program and was amassing biological and chemical weapons which if not checked and restrained could spell disaster for the friendly neighbouring countries and the associated Western nations (CIA 1). This CIA report also stressed that Iraq also had a hidden nuclear weapons program and if a military operation is not initiated against Iraq in the near future, Iraq will be very soon be in possession of a viable nuclear weapon and hence will be in a position to intimidate and blackmail the averse neighbouring nations and their Western allies and friends. Varied media reports concertedly backed such claims expressed and supported by the US and the UK, which started to appear concocted and non-corrobora ted in the later media publications. On 17 March 2003, the war drums were already beating when The Washington Post published the full text of the speech given by President Bush unravelling in detail the frustration of the allied nations over the diplomatic efforts being pursued by the allied nations to convince Iraq regarding giving up its weapons of mass destruction program (Reuters 1). In this speech President Bush reiterated the US pledge to divest Iraq of its weapons of mass destruction and to annihilate its nuclear weapons program, whatever it takes (Reuters 1). President Bush also mentioned more than dozen resolutions passed by the United Nations Security Council urging and mandating Iraq to give up its weapons of mass destruction program and to comply with the conditions laid down by the international community. In this publication

Social media has negatively changed our culture Essay

Social media has negatively changed our culture - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to examine some of the popular accusations of social media and explain that the positive consequences of social media for the culture outweigh the suggested threats. At present, the world of social media is broad and presented by the variety of widely available networking sites that provide opportunities for socialization. The most popular among them can be considered Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and other actively used by people across generations and social groups. All together they created the new digital arena for maintaining relationships, communicating, making business, or sharing news. (Sawyer, 2011) Obviously, such extensive popularity and influence which social media managed to gain in relatively short period of time could not leave one ignorant of the possible consequences of the tendency to spend time online instead of the real-life alternatives. As a result, the possibility of both positive and negative outcomes of social media is recognized. Both sides have elaborated particular set of arguments that seemingly contain the grain of truth and common sense, therefore, they need to be closely and thoroughly examined in order to formulate a personal position in this regard. The base of arguments of people who are trying to prove that social media represents a destructive force for a culture is the long one, but, to my mind, includes issues that can be prevented by careful use and conscious approach to social media. Among such negative claims can be mentioned disregard of privacy and sharing too much personal information that can be used for inappropriate goals. Also, much is being said about cyberbullying, online harassment that make people feel insecure and treat peace in the society. ("Technology can have,") Apart from that, social media is often blamed for promoting the culture of narcissism – excessive interest in oneself and one’s appearance. ("Technology can have,") All